1. History & Evolution of C++

C++11 Example

#include 
#include 

int main() {
    std::vector numbers = {1, 2, 3};
    for (auto num : numbers) {
        std::cout << num << " ";
    }
    return 0;
}

2. Compilation Process

Four Stages

1. Preprocessing (handles #includes and macros)
2. Compilation (converts to assembly)
3. Assembly (creates object files)
4. Linking (combines object files)

Compiler Examples

# GCC
g++ -o program program.cpp
./program

# Clang
clang++ -o program program.cpp
./program

3. Your First C++ Program

#include 

int main() {
    std::cout << "Hello, World!" << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

Compilation & Execution

g++ -o hello hello.cpp
./hello

4. Common Pitfalls & Best Practices

• ✅ Avoid using namespace std;
• ✅ Always return 0 explicitly from main()
• ✅ Use header files (.hpp) for declarations
• ❌ Don't ignore compiler warnings

Summary

Next Steps

• Explore C++ Core Guidelines
• Practice on LeetCode